# Chongqing Gold Mechanical&Electrical Equipment Co.,Ltd. > professional manufacturer who mainly produces Petroleum Testing Equipment, Oil Testing Equipment, Lubricant Testing Equipment with years of experience. Hope to build business relationship with you. ## Contact Us - [Mail](mailto:master@hy-industry.com): master@hy-industry.com - [Tel](tel:+86-15123029636): +86-15123029636 - [WhatsApp](https://api.whatsapp.com/send?phone=8615123029636): 8615123029636 ## Social Media - [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/testkit) - [Linkedin](https://cn.linkedin.com/in/pan-ren-94073a25) - [Twitter](https://twitter.com/renpanchina) ## Website Language Versions - [English](https://www.lab-testkit.com): lubricating oil analysis and fuel oil analysis - [Arabic](https://sa.lab-testkit.com): معدات اختبار زيوت التشحيم ، معدات اختبار زيوت التشحيم ، معدات اختبار زيوت التشحيم المصنعين والموردين - شركة تشونغتشينغ الذهبية للمعدات الميكانيكية والكهربائية المحدودة - [French](https://fr.lab-testkit.com): Équipement d'essai pétrolier, Équipement d'essai d'huile, Fabricant et fournisseur d'équipement d'essai de lubrifiant - Chongqing Gold Mechanical & Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd. - [Russian](https://ru.lab-testkit.com): Нефтяное испытательное оборудование, Нефтяное испытательное оборудование, Оборудование для испытания смазочных материалов Производитель и поставщик - Chongqing Gold Mechanical & Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd. - [Spanish](https://es.lab-testkit.com): Equipo de prueba de petróleo, Equipo de prueba de aceite, Fabricante y proveedor de equipo de prueba de lubricante - Chongqing Gold Mechanical & Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd. - [Portuguese](https://pt.lab-testkit.com): De teste de petróleo, equipamento de teste de óleo, fabricante e fornecedor de equipamento de teste de lubrificante - Chongqing Gold Mechanical & Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd. - [Turkish](https://tr.lab-testkit.com): Petrol Test Cihazları, Yağ Test Cihazları, Yağ Test Cihazları Üretici ve Tedarikçi - Chongqing Altın Mekanik ve Elektrik Ekipman Co, Ltd. - [Filipino](https://tl.lab-testkit.com): Kagamitan sa Pagsubok ng petrolyo, Kagamitan sa Pagsubok ng Langis, Lubricant Testing Equipment Tagagawa at Tagatustos - Chongqing Gold Mechanical & Electrical Equipment Co, Ltd. - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.lab-testkit.com): Peralatan Pengujian Minyak Bumi, Peralatan Pengujian Minyak, Produsen & Pemasok Peralatan Pengujian Pelumas - Chongqing Gold Mechanical & Electrical Equipment Co, Ltd - [Swahili](https://sw.lab-testkit.com): Vifaa vya Upimaji wa Petroli, Vifaa vya Upimaji Mafuta, mtengenezaji wa vifaa vya upimaji wa mafuta na Msaidizi - Chongqing Mechanical Gold & Equipment Electrical Equipment Co, Ltd - [Swedish](https://sv.lab-testkit.com): Petroleumtestutrustning, oljetestutrustning, smörjmedelstestutrustning Tillverkare och leverantör - Chongqing Gold Mechanical & Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd. ## Website Navigation - [Home](https://www.lab-testkit.com/index.html): Home - [About us](https://www.lab-testkit.com/aboutus.html): About us - [Products](https://www.lab-testkit.com/products.html): Products - [Petroleum Testing Equipment](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Petroleum-Testing-Equipment-pl08549.html): Petroleum Testing Equipment - [Bitumen Testing Equipment](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Bitumen-Testing-Equipment-pl88429.html): Bitumen Testing Equipment - [Bituminous Mixture Testing Equipment](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Bituminous-Mixture-Testing-Equipment-pl6793756.html): Bituminous Mixture Testing Equipment - 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[Low Temperature Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Low-Temperature-Tester-pl17429.html): Low Temperature Tester - [Water Content Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Water-Content-Tester-pl07429.html): Water Content Tester - [Sulfur Content Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Sulfur-Content-Tester-pl97429.html): Sulfur Content Tester - [Acid and Alkali Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Acid-and-Alkali-Tester-pl87429.html): Acid and Alkali Tester - [Carbon Residue Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Carbon-Residue-Tester-pl77429.html): Carbon Residue Tester - [Oxidation Stability Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Oxidation-Stability-Tester-pl67429.html): Oxidation Stability Tester - [Vapor Pressure Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Vapor-Pressure-Tester-pl56429.html): Vapor Pressure Tester - [Rust and Corrosion Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Rust-and-Corrosion-Tester-pl46429.html): Rust and Corrosion Tester - [Existent Gum Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Existent-Gum-Tester-pl36429.html): Existent Gum Tester - [Density Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Density-Tester-pl02329.html): Density Tester - [Color Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Color-Tester-pl92329.html): Color Tester - [Demulsibility Characteristics Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/demulsibility-characteristics-tester.html): Demulsibility Characteristics Tester - [Aniline Point Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Aniline-Point-Tester-pl82329.html): Aniline Point Tester - [Interfacial Tension Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Interfacial-Tension-Tester-pl91329.html): Interfacial Tension Tester - [Ash Content Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Ash-Content-Tester-pl62329.html): Ash Content Tester - [Foaming Characteristic Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Foaming-Characteristic-Tester-pl51329.html): Foaming Characteristic Tester - [Dropping Point Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Dropping-Point-Tester-pl3282529.html): Dropping Point Tester - [Wax Oil Content Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Wax-Oil-Content-Tester-pl31329.html): Wax Oil Content Tester - [Air Release Properties Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Air-Release-Properties-Tester-pl11329.html): Air Release Properties Tester - [Hydrocarbon Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Hydrocarbon-Tester-pl01329.html): Hydrocarbon Tester - [Octane Numner / Cetane Number Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Octane-Numner-Cetane-Number-Tester-pl3729352.html): Octane Numner / Cetane Number Tester - [Four Ball Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Four-Ball-Tester-pl3264653.html): Four Ball Tester - [Mini-Rotary Viscometer](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Mini-Rotary-Viscometer-pl3576222.html): Mini-Rotary Viscometer - [HTHS](https://www.lab-testkit.com/HTHS-pl3985831.html): HTHS - [Oil Particle Counter](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Oil-Particle-Counter-pl3955080.html): Oil Particle Counter - [Insulating Oil Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Insulating-Oil-Tester-pl66761077.html): Insulating Oil Tester - [Engine Coolant Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/engine-coolant-tester.html): Engine Coolant Tester - [Laboratory Equipment](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Laboratory-Equipment-pl66429.html): Laboratory Equipment - [Bomb Calorimeter](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Bomb-Calorimeter-pl55329.html): Bomb Calorimeter - [Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Atomic-Absorption-Spectrophotometer-pl45329.html): Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer - [UV-VIS Spectrophotometer](https://www.lab-testkit.com/UV-VIS-Spectrophotometer-pl25329.html): UV-VIS Spectrophotometer - [Water Bath](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Water-Bath-pl3940138.html): Water Bath - [Auxiliary Equipment](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Auxiliary-Equipment-pl00070676.html): Auxiliary Equipment - [Other Equipment](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Other-Equipment-pl40247887.html): Other Equipment - [Engine Oil Testing Equipment](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Engine-Oil-Testing-Equipment-pl45232997.html): Engine Oil Testing Equipment - [Bitumen Testing Equipment](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Bitumen-Testing-Equipment-pl88429.html): Bitumen Testing Equipment - [Softening Point Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Softening-Point-Tester-pl06429.html): Softening Point Tester - [Ductility Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Ductility-Tester-pl96429.html): Ductility Tester - [Penetrometer](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Penetrometer-pl16429.html): Penetrometer - [Centrifugal Extractor](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Centrifugal-Extractor-pl6513756.html): Centrifugal Extractor - [Wax Content Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Wax-Content-Tester-pl6113756.html): Wax Content Tester - [Thin Film Oven](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Thin-Film-Oven-pl6213756.html): Thin Film Oven - [Kinematic Viscosity Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Kinematic-Viscosity-Tester-pl6013756.html): Kinematic Viscosity Tester - [Emulsification Asphalt Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Emulsification-Asphalt-Tester-pl86429.html): Emulsification Asphalt Tester - [Dynamic Viscosity Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Dynamic-Viscosity-Tester-pl6913756.html): Dynamic Viscosity Tester - [Brookfield Viscometer](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Brookfield-Viscometer-pl6703756.html): Brookfield Viscometer - [Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Theoretical-Maximum-Specific-Gravity-Tester-pl6503756.html): Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity Tester - [Engler Viscometer](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Engler-Viscometer-pl6403756.html): Engler Viscometer - [Saybolt Viscometer](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Saybolt-Viscometer-pl3899333.html): Saybolt Viscometer - [Standard Viscometer](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Standard-Viscometer-pl6303756.html): Standard Viscometer - [Other Equipment](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Other-Equipment-pl76429.html): Other Equipment - [Bituminous Mixture Testing Equipment](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Bituminous-Mixture-Testing-Equipment-pl6793756.html): Bituminous Mixture Testing Equipment - [Wheel Track Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Wheel-Track-Tester-pl6593756.html): Wheel Track Tester - [Bitumen Content Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Bitumen-Content-Tester-pl6493756.html): Bitumen Content Tester - [Mixture Blender](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Mixture-Blender-pl6393756.html): Mixture Blender - [Marshall Electric Compactor](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Marshall-Electric-Compactor-pl6293756.html): Marshall Electric Compactor - [Marshall Stability Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Marshall-Stability-Tester-pl6193756.html): Marshall Stability Tester - [Mixtures Density Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Mixtures-Density-Tester-pl6693756.html): Mixtures Density Tester - [Gyratory Compactor](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Gyratory-Compactor-pl6093756.html): Gyratory Compactor - [Pressure Aging Vessel System](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Pressure-Aging-Vessel-System-pl6993756.html): Pressure Aging Vessel System - [Tenacity Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Tenacity-Tester-pl6893756.html): Tenacity Tester - [Multifunctional Automatic Asphalt Pressure Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Multifunctional-Automatic-Asphalt-Pressure-Tester-pl6783756.html): Multifunctional Automatic Asphalt Pressure Tester - [Bending Beam Rheometer](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Bending-Beam-Rheometer-pl6683756.html): Bending Beam Rheometer - [Other Equipment](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Other-Equipment-pl6583756.html): Other Equipment - [Asphalt Mixture Plate Cutting Machine](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Asphalt-Mixture-Plate-Cutting-Machine-pl3550242.html): Asphalt Mixture Plate Cutting Machine - [Electric Hydraulic Pressure Ejector](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Electric-Hydraulic-Pressure-Ejector-pl3493542.html): Electric Hydraulic Pressure Ejector - [Liquefied Petroleum Gas Testing Equipment](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Liquefied-Petroleum-Gas-Testing-Equipment-pl03946676.html): Liquefied Petroleum Gas Testing Equipment - [Odor Tester](https://www.lab-testkit.com/Odor-Tester-pl02946676.html): Odor Tester ## FAQ - **Q: How to select a Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer AAS** A: There are mainly following three kinds of testing methods of AAS: Flame method Flame method is the most commonly used analytical method. It is the best choice for testing normal elements which concentration is not too low, the test method is easy, fast and with high accurate;   Graphite furnace method Graphite furnace method is the most classic method of atomic absorption applications. The instantaneous temperature of graphite furnace can rise to 3000 ℃, it is very effective for some pretty low concentration or some high temperature elements quantitative detection. Some experts even believe that, the reason why AAS has not been eliminated and still widely applicable is because the high precision and low detection limit of graphite furnace AAS is irreplaceable.   3. Hydride generator method Also known as cold atomic method, generally used to determine mercury, arsenic and the like elements.   Therefore, to choose a AAS, we must first choose which method is used to do the determination of the content of metal elements, and then according to the determination method to determine the configuration.   Then, how can we understand what we need to use? You have to make clear about following three questions first, First, what metal elements do you need to measure? Second, what ’ s the approximate concentration of the metal elements? Third, what ’ s your test sample?   After confirm above three answers, we can confirm exact configuration to you according to different elements, different content, different. - **Q: Open and Closed Cup Flash Point – What is the Difference?** A: Open Cup Flash Points Measuring a flash point using an open cup method is, as the name suggests, conducted in a vessel which is exposed to the air outside. The temperature of the substance is gradually raised and an ignition source is passed over the top of it, until it reaches a point at which it "flashes" and ignites. The flash point here will vary according to the distance between the substance and the ignition source – the height of the source above the cup. The most commonly-used open cup method is known as the Cleveland open cup (COC). Closed Cup Flash Points Again, as the name suggests, the flash point in the closed cup method is conducted inside a closed vessel which is not open to the outside atmosphere. The lid is sealed and the ignition source is introduced into the vessel itself, allowing for a closer approximation to real-life conditions (such as those found inside a fuel tank). The four main kinds of closed cup flash points are Pensky Martens, Abel, Tag, and the most widely-used, Small Scale, which is often known as Setaflash. However, new developments in flash point testing have led to the introduction of modified safety standards. For more information on such developments, see this article: ASTM D7094 - Modified Continuously Closed Cup Flash Point Standard Accepted as a Safe Alternative Method in Various Fuel Specs. What are the Differences Between the Two? Because closed cup methods are conducted in a confined environment, the results are less likely to be interfered with by outside elements found in the laboratory. Furthermore, they understandably generally produce lower flash points, since the heat is contained and the substance is more likely to become flammable at an earlier stage. Because of this, they are generally used as industry standards, because they deliver lower results, which ensure safer practices. However, it is important to note that neither open cup nor closed cup flash points are fundamental parameters belonging to the substance, but rather empirical results of testing. They will be affected by all manner of criteria, including the laboratory they are conducted in, the equipment used and the method of testing selected.